The crime of illegal communication with foreign parties and the penalties prescribed for them in Islamic law and positive law

Praise be to Allah, who revealed the Book to clarify everything, guided people to the right path, guided them to the most righteous paths, and sent messengers against them with evangelizations and warnings, so that people would not have an argument against God after the messengers. Peace and blessings be upon the best of the prophets and the Imam of the Messengers, his family and companions, and after: The crime of illegal communication with foreign parties, which has many forms, includes espionage and espionage, which constitute an aggression against the interests of the nation. This crime has evolved in our time, and has become one of the daily activities and entity on which states rely to enhance their power, or protect their national security from the dangers facing them.In light of this realization, illegal contact with foreign countries, including espionage and espionage, has become a crime punishable in Islamic law and man-made laws, because it affects the security of the state, It harms its supreme interests and national sovereignty, and therefore Islamic law and foreign and domestic laws have established deterrent penalties that can put an end to its activities or at least reduce the scale of its perpetration.