The nature of inflation and the mechanisms for confronting it.

The world witnessed many economic shocks resulting from the emergence of new problems in succession that it did not know before, such as unemployment, inflation and others, and this led to the emergence of several different economic ideas embodied by several different schools that appeared at successive times that were working to diagnose and treat these crises. Monetary policy has formed an important focus in these ideas, and has gone through many stages in terms of the degree of its impact on economic activity and the effectiveness of its impact, so its position was different in terms of importance in the structure of macroeconomic policy, which occupied a great position, as it was the only tool recognized as an effective tool to achieve the determinants of economic policy and economic recovery. Then Keynes came "to the twentieth century to ensure that fiscal policy is more effective, and monetary policy regained its position in the fifties of the twentieth century by Friedman, and interest in monetary policy increased in modern economic thought, especially during the financial crisis and economic instability witnessed by most countries of the world, Especially the developing countries of the last century."