The Penal Code – in its general sense – encompasses a set of actions (positive or negative) that the legislator considers crimes according to the legislative model of criminalization and punishment, which in some cases includes criminal protection for legal positions that are not originally criminal in nature but stem from legal rules belonging to other branches of law, such as civil, commercial, administrative, constitutional, or international law, etc. Often, a crime is considered - at the same time - to be an unlawful behavior according to another law that is not criminal, but the reverse is not true, as the legislator resorts to the criminal tool (criminalization and punishment) only when it perceives – according to the standards of the criminal policy it adopts – the necessity of protecting interests it considers essential for the survival and stability of the community.
Al-Anzi, A. W. N. G. (2025). The role of non-criminal centers in crime and punishment.. Journal of Legal and Economic Research, 15(91.), 1-49. doi: 10.21608/mjle.2025.445442
MLA
Abdul Wahab Nawaf Ghanam Al-Anzi. "The role of non-criminal centers in crime and punishment.", Journal of Legal and Economic Research, 15, 91., 2025, 1-49. doi: 10.21608/mjle.2025.445442
HARVARD
Al-Anzi, A. W. N. G. (2025). 'The role of non-criminal centers in crime and punishment.', Journal of Legal and Economic Research, 15(91.), pp. 1-49. doi: 10.21608/mjle.2025.445442
VANCOUVER
Al-Anzi, A. W. N. G. The role of non-criminal centers in crime and punishment.. Journal of Legal and Economic Research, 2025; 15(91.): 1-49. doi: 10.21608/mjle.2025.445442