Mechanisms for Settling Disputes in Real Estate Investment Contracts .

Real estate investments are currently the cornerstone of general economic plans in various countries worldwide, especially in developing nations, where they are considered a key driver of economic development. If investments are directed correctly, they will undoubtedly lead to multiple successes in line with the developmental goals that countries aim to achieve. With the intensification of global competition for capital inflows, developing countries strive to create an attractive investment environment through a set of legislative policies and economic reforms. Governments work on improving the investment climate by ensuring legislative and economic stability, offering incentives and guarantees to investors, and developing infrastructure—factors that significantly influence foreign investors' decision-making. As international trade expands and the volume of commercial exchanges increases, along with the rise of multinational real estate companies, Egypt has become a key player in numerous trade and investment agreements. Investment is no longer limited to the private sector alone; the state itself has become a partner in major real estate investment projects with global companies and international investors. Despite the promising investment opportunities, countries face challenges related to investment disputes arising from conflicts of interest between the state and foreign investors. Therefore, it has become necessary to resort to dispute resolution mechanisms, whether through local courts or international arbitration, to safeguard the rights of all parties and enhance confidence in the investment environment.