The legislative competencies of the legislative authority in federal states.

Legislative authority is assigned to the legislative branch, which is one of the three branches that constitute the state alongside the executive and judicial authorities. In federal states, the legislative authority plays a fundamental role in the enactment of federal legislation as it holds the original power of lawmaking. Its role is evident in carrying out most of the stages of legislation that help in drafting laws in the federal state, starting with proposing laws, passing through their discussion, and ending with voting on them. The legislative body consists of one or more councils, and their names vary from one country to another. The plurality of councils means the presence of more than one legislative council in the state. In countries that adopt a bicameral system, the second council exercises legislative duties jointly with the first council. These councils have legislative powers that vary from one country to another. Most constitutions—including those of comparative federal countries—stipulate the broad legislative powers of the legislative authority, while some have departed from this approach and stripped certain councils of legislative powers. To clarify the legislative powers of the legislative authority in comparative federal countries, it is necessary to shed light on the legislative powers of the legislative authority in Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, and Canada.